Hope

Hope has an odd standing among the virtues: it was not always counted as one. In the Greek myth of Pandora it remains at the bottom of the jar after every affliction has escaped, and interpreters have argued for millennia over whether it is there as consolation or as the last evil. Nietzsche took the second view — hope, he claimed, prolongs the torment.

That tension makes this theme more interesting than it first appears. The lines gathered here move between hope as a sustaining force and hope as an avoidance of reckoning. They are worth reading together, because the difference usually lies not in the hope itself but in whether it accompanies action or replaces it.